Page 97 - International safety guide for oil tankers and terminals

Chapter 4
---ใช้เพื่อการศึกษาเท่านั้น---
GENERAL HAZARDS

terminal and the precautions to be taken to mitigate them. Reference should be made์นาวี
FOR SHIP AND

TERMINAL

งานห้องสมุด ศูนย์ฝกพาณิชย

This Chapter deals primarily with general hazards on board a tanker and/or at a

to the appropriate Chapters for precautions relating to specific operations such as
cargo handling, ballasting, tank cleaning, inerting or entry into enclosed spaces.

4.1 General Principles

In order to eliminate the risk of fire and explosion on a tanker, it is necessary to prevent
a source of ignition and a flammable atmosphere being present in the same place at
ึ
the same time. It is not always possible to exclude both these factors simultaneously
and precautions are therefore directed towards excluding or controlling one of them.

In the case of cargo compartments, pumprooms, and at times the tank deck, flammable
gases are to be expected and the strict elimination of all possible sources of ignition in
these locations is essential.

Cabins, galleys and other areas within the accommodation block inevitably contain
ignition sources such as electrical equipment, matches and/or electric cigarette lighters.
While it is sound practice to minimise and control such sources of ignition, for example
by designation of approved smoking rooms, it is essential to avoid the entry of
flammable gas.

Air conditioning intakes must be set to ensure that the atmospheric pressure inside the
accommodation is always greater than that of the external atmosphere. Air conditioning
systems must not be set to 100% recirculation, as this will cause the pressure of the
internal atmosphere to fall to less than that of the external atmosphere, due to
extraction fans operating in sanitary spaces and galleys.

In engine and boiler rooms, ignition sources such as those arising from boiler
operations and electrical equipment cannot be avoided (see also Section 4.2.4). It is
essential therefore to prevent the entry of flammable gases into such compartments.
Residual fuel oils may present a flammability hazard (see Section 2.7) and the routine
checking of bunker spaces for flammability by tanker and terminal personnel is to be
encouraged.

It is possible, by good design and operational practice, for both flammable gases and
ignition sources to be safely controlled in deck workshops, store rooms, forecastle,
centre castle, dry cargo holds etc. However, the means for such control must be
rigorously maintained.

Although the installation and the correct operation of an inert gas system provides an
added measure of safety, it does not preclude the need for close attention to the
precautions set out in this Chapter.

© ICS/OCIMF/IAPH 2006 63