Page 90 - International safety guide for oil tankers and terminals

INTERNATIONAL SAFETY GUIDE FOR OIL TANKERS AND TERMINALS

and the chance of their being incendive is even smaller. However, caution
should still be exercised when dealing with intermediate conductors
Diesel (ultra-low sulphur) รศึกษาเท่านั้น---
because their conductivities are dependent upon many factors and their
actual conductivity is not known.

0.1 to 1,000*์ฝกพาณิชย์นาวี
Conductive Materials
In the case of solids, these are metals and, in the case of liquids, the
whole range of aqueous solutions, including sea water. The human body,
consisting of about 60% water, is effectively a liquid conductor. Many
alcohols are conductive liquids.

The important property of conductors is that they are incapable of
holding a charge unless insulated, but also that, if they are insulated,
charged and an opportunity for an electrical discharge occurs, all the
charge available is almost instantaneously released into the potentially
incendive discharge.

Table 3.1 provides information on the typical conductivity value and
classification for a range of products:

Typical Conductivity
Product Classification
(picoSiemens/metre)
Non-Conductive 0.1 ึ Accumulator
Kerosene ื่อกา 0.2 to 50 Accumulator
Xylene
งานห้องสมุด ศูนย
Gasoline (straight run)
0.1 to 1
Accumulator
0.1 to 2
Accumulator
Lube oil (base)
---ใช้เพ
Accumulator
Commercial jet fuel
Toluene
1
Accumulator
1 to 50
Accumulator
Diesel 1 to 100* Accumulator
Cyclohexane <2 Accumulator
Motor gasoline 10 to 300* Accumulator
Semi-Conductive
Fuel with anti-static additive 50 to 300 Non-accumulator
Heavy black fuel oils 50 to 1,000 Non-accumulator
Conductive crude >1,000 Non-accumulator
Bitumen >1,000 Non-accumulator
Alcohols 100,000 Non-accumulator

Ketones 100,000 Non-accumulator
Conductive
Distilled water 1,000,000,000 Non-accumulator
Water 100,000,000,000 Non-accumulator

Table 3.1 – Typical conductivity of products
* Some additives used for performance improvement can increase conductivity significantly.

56 © ICS/OCIMF/IAPH 2006