Page 8 - International safety guide for oil tankers and terminals

INTERNATIONAL SAFETY GUIDE FOR OIL TANKERS AND TERMINALS

2.4.5 Inferometer (Refractive Index Meter) 25
2.4.6 Infra-red (IR) Instruments 26
2.4.7 Measurement of Low Concentrations of Toxic Gases 27
2.4.8 Fixed Gas Detection Installations 28
2.4.9 Measurement of Oxygen Concentrations 29
2.4.10 Use of Oxygen Analysers 29
2.4.11 Multi-gas Instruments 31
2.4.12 Personal Gas Monitors 31
2.4.13 Gas Sample Lines and Sampling Procedures 31
2.5 Hydrocarbon Gas Evolution and Dispersion 33
2.5.1 Introduction 33
2.5.2 Gas Evolution and Venting 34
2.5.3 Gas Dispersion 36
Variables Affecting Dispersion
2.5.4 Precautionary Measures ศึกษาเท่านั้น--- 37
2.5.5 Minimising Hazards from Vented Gas 41
2.5.6 Loading Very High Vapour Pressure Cargoes 43
2.6 Pyrophoric Iron Sulphide 45
2.6.1 Pyrophoric Oxidation 45
2.6.2 Formation of Pyrophors 46
2.6.3 Prevention of Pyrophoric Ignition in Inerted Cargo Tanks 46
2.7 The Hazards Associated with the Handling, Storage and 47
Carriage of Residual Fuel Oils
---ใช้เพื่อการ
2.7.1 Filtersงสมุด ศูนย์ฝกพาณิชย์นาวี
General
47
2.7.2 Nature of Hazard 48
2.7.3 Hydrogen Sulphide Hazard in Residual Fuel Oils ึ 48
Flashpoint and Headspace Flammability Measurement
2.7.4 49
2.7.5 49
CHAPTER 3 STATIC ELECTRICITY 51
3.1 Principles of Electrostatics 51
3.1.1 Summary 51
3.1.2 Charge Separation 52
3.1.3 Charge Accumulation 53
3.1.4 Electrostatic Discharge 53
3.1.5 Electrostatic Properties of Gases and Mists 57
3.2 General Precautions Against Electrostatic Hazards 57
3.2.1 Overview 57
3.2.2 Bonding 58
59
Avoiding Loose Conductive Objects
3.2.3
Other Sources of Electrostatic Hazards
3.3 3.3.5ห้อ Fixed Equipment in Cargo Tanks 59
59
3.3.1
CHAPTER 4 งาน 3.3.3 Free Fall in Tanks 60
59
3.3.2
60
Water Mists
3.3.4
61
Inert Gas
3.3.6
Discharge of Carbon Dioxide
61
Clothing and Footwear
3.3.7
62
62
Synthetic Materials
3.3.8
GENERAL HAZARDS FOR SHIP AND TERMINAL
4.1 General Principles 63
63
4.2 Control of Potential Ignition Sources 64
4.2.1 Naked Lights 64
4.2.2 Smoking 64
4.2.3 Galley Stoves and Cooking Appliances 66
4.2.4 Engine and Boiler Rooms 66
viii © ICS/OCIMF/IAPH 2006