Page 375 - International safety guide for oil tankers and terminals

MOORING

23.4.1 Type and Quality of Mooring Lines
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Mooring lines should preferably all be of the same material and
construction. Ropes with low elastic elongation properties are
recommended for larger tankers, as they limit the tanker’s movement at
the berth. High modulus synthetic fibre ropes are a viable replacement for
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winch-stowed steel wire ropes for the mooring of large tankers at
terminals, other than single point moorings. Recommendations on their
use are contained in the OCIMF publication ‘Guidelines on the Use of
High Modulus Synthetic Fibre Ropes as Mooring Lines on Large Tankers’.

Moorings composed entirely of high elasticity ropes are not
recommended as they can allow excessive movement from strong wind or
current forces or through interaction from passing ships. Within a given
mooring pattern, ropes of different elasticity should never be used
together in the same direction.

Mooring conditions and regulations may differ from port to port.

Where dynamic (shock) loading on moorings can be caused by swell
conditions or the close passing of ships, fibre tails on the ends of
mooring wires and high modulus synthetic fibre mooring ropes can
provide sufficient elasticity to prevent failure of the mooring and other
components in the mooring system. The tanker or the terminal may
provide the tails, whose length should not exceed one third of the
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distance between the ship’s fairlead and the shore mooring bollard.

Because fibre tails will deteriorate more rapidly than the wires or high
modulus synthetic fibre ropes to which they are attached, they should be
at least 25% stronger than the line to which they are attached. They
should be inspected frequently, particularly where they are connected to
the wire, and replaced if there are signs of damage.

23.4.2 Management of Moorings at Alongside Berths

23.4.2.1 Tending of Moorings
Ship’s personnel are responsible for the frequent monitoring and
careful tending of the moorings, but suitably qualified shore
personnel should check the moorings periodically to satisfy
themselves that they are being properly tended.

When tending moorings which have become slack or too taut, an
overall view of the mooring system should be taken so that the
tightening or slackening of individual lines does not allow the
tanker to move or place undue loads on other lines. The tanker
should maintain contact with the fenders, and moorings should not
be slackened if the tanker is lying off the fenders.

During cold weather, steam operated winches and windlasses
should be rotated slowly when not in use to avoid damage due to
freezing.

23.4.2.2 Tension Winches
Self-tensioning winches fitted with automatic rendering and
hauling capability should not be used in the automatic mode while
the vessel is moored. In automatic mode, such winches, by

© ICS/OCIMF/IAPH 2006 341