Page 358 - International safety guide for oil tankers and terminals

INTERNATIONAL SAFETY GUIDE FOR OIL TANKERS AND TERMINALS

emergency, is provided by removing the ship from the terminal (see
Section 20.5).
---ใช้เพื่อการศึกษาเท่านั้น---

21.1.2 Non-Essential Personnel
งานห้องสมุด ศูนย์ฝกพาณิชย์นาวี
On every occasion, when it is evident that an emergency situation will or
may develop into an incident of significant proportions, all personnel not
directly involved in remedial or fire-fighting operations should be
evacuated at an early stage.

The decision to evacuate all non-essential personnel, including ship’s
personnel, or to unberth the ship, should on every occasion be made,
after liaison between ship and shore, at an early stage of any emergency
situation. Early evacuation of such personnel will always serve to reduce
the overall responsibility for personnel safety, thereby permitting the
person in charge to concentrate on the emergency and attend to the
needs of those personnel in immediate danger.

The most important and critical elements of every emergency evacuation
plan are organisational control and communications, and the resources
necessary to support them. Guidance on these essential elements is
included in Chapter 20.

ึ
21.2 Evacuation and Personnel Escape Routes

21.2.1 Primary and Secondary Escape Routes
Terminal facilities and sea island structures should have at least two
separate evacuation routes from all occupied or work areas and from
berthed ships. Escape routes should be located such that, in the event of
fire, at least one route provides a safe evacuation path, sufficiently far
from the source of probable fire to afford personnel protection during
evacuation. Evacuation routes and secondary evacuation routes should
be clearly marked, and preferably numbered, in order that precise
instructions can be given to personnel to proceed via a designated route
and/or disembarkation position.

21.2.2 Protection of Personnel
If escape routes cannot be led clear of sources of probable fire, the route
should be protected, where practicable, by fire walls/barriers or heat
shields and should afford personnel protection from exposure to burning
hydrocarbons on water, on the topside of loading/unloading facilities, or
on shore.

Evacuation routes should be designed, and maintained, obstacle free in
order to eliminate the need for personnel to jump into water in order to
reach an area of refuge.

Berths and jetties can be difficult to escape from in the event of fire or
other emergency. Consequently, careful thought should be given to
designing escape routes. Access ways to and from offshore berths and
dolphins require special attention as personnel must not be left
unattended on isolated dolphins. Moreover, steps or steel ladders are
usually required between berths and the water level. On sea islands,
access routes and assembly points for rescue craft or dedicated life boats

324 © OCIMF/ ICS/ IAPH 2006