Page 357 - International safety guide for oil tankers and terminals

Chapter 21
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EMERGENCY

This Chapter describes the elements that should be included within a terminal’s์นาวี
EVACUATION

The primary consideration in the event of a fire, explosion or other emergency
งานห้องสมุด ศูนย์ฝกพาณิชย
at a terminal will be the safety of personnel. Therefore, the means and method
by which personnel can be safely evacuated are of great importance.

evacuation plan and provides guidance on options to ensure that a safe and
effective means of emergency escape is available.

21.1 General

To ensure the efficient evacuation of personnel in the event of a serious emergency,
all terminals should provide adequate evacuation facilities and have an evacuation
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plan in place.
The evacuation plan will vary from terminal to terminal and will be dependent on the
design, location and the availability of equipment. However, in general, the design of
the facility should provide at least two escape paths not likely to be involved
simultaneously in a fire.

‘T’ Head Jetties and Finger Piers
Terminal facilities with a shore connection, such as ‘T’ head jetties and finger piers,
have the advantage of providing a means of evacuation by road transport. Some
facilities are designed with oil and gas pipelines supported on the underside of the
pier. For this type of facility, means of evacuation via water transport may be required
unless a second escape path via the shore is provided.
Sea Islands
From sea islands, the only means of evacuation is by water transport, although at
very large facilities at distant locations, helicopter transport may also be an option.
The possible evacuation of ship’s personnel should also be considered. The very
nature of oil and gas operations does not require a large number of operating
personnel to be involved at marine terminals and it is probable that a ship’s crew will
outnumber the shore personnel. It may also be possible that maintenance personnel
will, on occasions, outnumber operational personnel, and the evacuation plan should
recognise and cater for such a contingency.

21.1.1 Ship Evacuation
There should always be a reciprocal arrangement between ship and
shore in any evacuation plan, and it is important that Masters of all ships
using the facility are appraised of the emergency evacuation
arrangements. These arrangements should be discussed at the pre-cargo
safety conference and identified during the completion of the Ship/Shore
Safety Check-List. There may be occasions whereby the safest and most
efficient means of evacuation, especially if the ship is not involved in the

© OCIMF/ ICS/ IAPH 2006 323