Page 339 - International safety guide for oil tankers and terminals

SAFETY AND FIRE PROTECTION
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19.5.3.9
coverage of the ship’s manifold. Typically, monitors will provide a
jet length of 30 metres and a jet height of 15 metres in still air.
Monitors may be manually controlled or remotely controlled either
from the tower base or at a distance. Tower base controls may
need special protection. Fixed tower installations may have the
drawback that, for manual control, with the wind in the wrong
direction, smoke can obscure vision and sighting. Remote control
can be achieved by electronic means, hydraulically or with a
mechanical linkage. The remote control point for elevated
monitors should be sited in a safe location. However, the selection
of a safe location will depend upon the character and size of the
berth involved. Where practicable, the monitor control point should
be at least 15 metres from the probable location of fire.
The water monitors should be mounted at berth or wharf deck
level and be fitted with variable nozzles capable of discharging
either a spray or a jet. They should be located so as to be capable
of cooling the berth structure, as well as the adjacent hull of a
tanker. In some cases, it may be necessary to provide elevated
water monitors in place of, or additional to, deck mounted
monitors to allow water discharge above maximum freeboard
height.
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Below Deck Fixed Protection Systems
Below deck fixed protection systems have been installed when the
marine terminal extends over water and away from shore in such
a way that fire-fighting would be difficult or dangerous, or when
fire-fighting boats are not available. In these situations, this type of
system may be required in order to provide a safe base for
operations during a large tanker fire and is especially useful where
large spill fires on the sea beneath the berth are a possibility.
When fire-fighting boats are available to provide a quick response,
a fixed water spray system may be installed below deck for
cooling non-fire resistant, unprotected supports and exposed
structure, in the event of a local fire on the surface of the water.
The rate of discharge for such a system should be at least
10 litres per minute per square metre.
When fire-fighting boats are not available or cannot provide a
quick response to a fire, a fixed system of foam/water sprinklers
may be installed below deck for cooling and protecting the
supporting structure that is constructed of non-fire resistant,
unprotected materials. Under these circumstances, such a system
would provide rapid below deck fire control and extinguishment. A
system of this type should discharge not less than 6.5 litres per
minute per square metre. When supporting piles and beams are
constructed with fire resistant materials, for example concrete, a
fixed system of foam/water sprinklers discharging at reduced
application rates may be advisable.
© ICS/OCIMF/IAPH 2006 305