Page 306 - International safety guide for oil tankers and terminals

INTERNATIONAL SAFETY GUIDE FOR OIL TANKERS AND TERMINALS

Terminals should have detailed information on the forces exerted on the
tanker’s manifold by each loading arm. This information should be readily
---ใช้เพื่อการศึกษาเท่านั้น---
available to the berth operator.

The berth operator’s training should include the correct rigging and
งานห้องสมุด ศูนย์ฝกพาณิชย์นาวี
operation of cargo arms. Operators should be aware of the
consequences of inappropriate operation that may cause excessive
forces on the tanker manifold.

Where supports or jacks are utilised, they should be fitted in such a way
that they stand directly onto the deck or some other substantial support.
They should never be placed onto fixtures or fittings that are not capable
of, or suitable for, supporting the load.

Some counterbalanced arms are made slightly tail heavy to compensate
for clingage of oil and to facilitate the arm’s return to the parked position
without using power when released from the tanker’s manifold.
Additionally, in some positions of operation, there can be an upward force
placed on the manifold. For both these reasons, manifolds should also be
secured against upward forces.

18.1.3 Tanker Manifold Restrictions
The material of manufacture, support and cantilever length of a ship’s
ึ
manifold, together with the spacing intervals of adjacent outlets, must be
checked for compatibility with the arms. Manifold flanges should be
vertical and parallel to the ship’s side. The spacing of the manifold outlets
will sometimes dictate the number of arms that can be connected, while
interference between adjacent arms is to be avoided. In most cases, cast
iron manifolds will be subjected to excessive stress unless jacks are used.
Cast iron reducers and spool pieces should not be used except by
arrangement. (See Section 24.6.3.)

18.1.4 Inadvertent Filling of Arms while Parked

Loading arms are usually empty when parked and locked, but inadvertent
filling may occur. The parking lock should only be removed after the arm
has been checked and proven to be empty to avoid the possibility of an
inadvertently filled loading arm falling onto the ship’s deck.

18.1.5 Ice Formation
Ice formation will affect the balance of the arm. Any ice should therefore
be cleared from the arm before the parking lock is removed.

18.1.6 Mechanical Couplers

Most mechanical couplers require that the ship’s manifold flange face is
smooth and free of rust for a tight seal to be achieved. Care should be
taken when connecting a mechanical coupler to ensure that the coupler is
centrally placed on the manifold flange and that all claws or wedges are
pulling up on the flange. Where ‘O’ rings are used in place of gaskets,
these should be renewed on every occasion.

272 © OCIMF/ ICS/ IAPH 2006