Page 295 - International safety guide for oil tankers and terminals

TERMINAL OPERATIONS

16.11.2 Flow Control Requirements
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The generation of static is controlled by limiting the flow rate at the tank
inlet at the commencement of loading to 1 metre/second. Transfer rates
equivalent to flow rates of 1 metre/second through pipelines of various
diameters, can be determined from Table 11.1. (See also
งานห้องสมุด ศูนย์ฝกพาณิชย์นาวี
Section 11.1.7.3.)
Once cargo has covered the tank inlet, the transfer rate can be increased
to provide the maximum allowable linear flow rate as determined by the
limiting pipe diameter in the ship or shore piping, whichever is the smaller
(see Section 11.1.7.8).

16.11.3 Controlling Loading Rates
Due to the varying loading rates that different ships will require in order to
comply with their maximum flow rate requirements, terminals should have
the facility to control effectively the pumping rates to ships loading at its
berths.

Similarly, if terminals expect ships to discharge to empty shore tanks, it
may be necessary to use flow control or flow measuring equipment in
order to determine that the flow rates in the shore lines and tank inlets
are not exceeded, particularly in the initial phase of filling a tank.
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16.11.4 Discharge into Shore Installations
When discharging static accumulator oils into shore tanks, the initial flow
rate should be restricted to 1 metre/second unless or until the shore tank
inlet is covered sufficiently to limit turbulence.

For a side entrance (horizontal entrance), the inlet is considered
adequately covered if the distance between the top of the inlet and the
free surface exceeds 0.6 metres. An inlet pointing downwards is
considered sufficiently covered if the distance between the lower end of
the pipe and the free surface exceeds twice the inlet diameter. An inlet
pointing upwards may require a considerably greater distance to limit
turbulence. In floating roof tanks, the low initial flow rate should be
maintained until the roof is floating. Similar requirements apply to fixed
roof tanks provided with inner floats.

© ICS/OCIMF/IAPH 2006 261