Page 276 - International safety guide for oil tankers and terminals

INTERNATIONAL SAFETY GUIDE FOR OIL TANKERS AND TERMINALS

Petroleum products are normally very close to the maximum density that
cargo pumps are rated to handle. Pump motor amperes must be carefully
---ใช้เพื่อการศึกษาเท่านั้น---
controlled during discharge.

During discharge, the inert gas generator should be run to maintain
hazardous vapours, such as benzene, may be present in varyingิชย์นาวี
positive pressure in the cargo tanks.
Efficient stripping is essential to maximise discharge and to reduce time
for subsequent tank cleaning.

14.2.7 Tank Cleaning and Changeover Procedures
Each ship will have specific changeover procedures. Issues to be
addressed may include, but may not be limited to, the following:
งานห้องสมุด ศูนย์ฝกพาณ
Personnel protection, in conjunction with strict tank entry procedures,
must be rigidly enforced. In addition to checking for hydrocarbon
vapour and oxygen content, it must be remembered that other

quantities.
Proper personal protective equipment, including compressed air
breathing apparatus, must be used for all cargo tank entry. Tank
atmospheres should be continuously monitored for all types of gas
until traces of any by-products have been brought down to acceptable
limits. ึ
Vapour and vent lines must be carefully inspected, because vapour
from clean petroleum products is known to condense out and some
liquids, such as kerosene, can take a considerable time to evaporate.
This could pose serious problems later on, specifically in regard to
future Hot Work or cargo contamination.

Petroleum products liquid can sometimes remain trapped inside cargo
pump chambers. Cargo pumps should be inspected and, if necessary,
chambers should be drained.
Diligent ventilation of smaller lines, especially stripping systems, is
vital in order to ensure there is no future cargo contamination.

242 © ICS/OCIMF/IAPH 2006