Page 261 - International safety guide for oil tankers and terminals

Chapter 13
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HUMAN ELEMENT

งานห้องสมุด ศูนย์ฝกพาณิชย์นาวี
CONSIDERATIONS

This Chapter describes, in general terms, some basic human element
considerations for providing and maintaining a safe working environment on ships.

Guidance on manning levels, training, the management of fatigue and the control
of drugs and alcohol is contained in this Chapter.

13.1 Manning Levels

The International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and
Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) and SOLAS 74/78, as amended, requires a flag
state to issue each of its ships with a minimum safe manning document, in
accordance with the provisions of IMO Resolution A.890.
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It is the Company’s responsibility to ensure that the minimum safe manning level of
each ship is maintained at all times, in accordance with the minimum safe manning
document. It is the Master’s responsibility to ensure that the ship does not proceed to
sea unless the manning level complies with at least the statutory minimum.

At all times during the ship’s stay at a terminal, a sufficient number of personnel
should be present on board to deal with any emergency.

13.2 Training and Experience

The STCW Convention and its 1995 amendments establish standards of training and
competence for seafarers. STCW Chapter V contains specific requirements for
personnel serving on oil tankers, chemical tankers and gas carriers, which define the
training and experience needed by officers, ratings and personnel involved in cargo
handling, which usually includes a tanker familiarisation course. STCW also
establishes minimum levels of fire-fighting training for ship’s personnel, according to
their duties and responsibilities, with personnel on tankers being required to complete
a high level, shore based, fire-fighting training course.

Personnel on tankers require an appropriate tanker endorsement on their STCW
certificates of competence.

13.3 Hours of Rest

13.3.1 Statutory Requirements

The International Labour Organization (ILO) ‘Convention on Seafarers’
Hours of Work and the Manning of Ships’ (ILO 180) requires ships’
personnel to have sufficient hours of rest to ensure that they are ‘fit for
duty’ and are able to carry out their duties safely. The ILO requirements,
which can be enforced by Port State Control, are stricter than similar

© ICS/OCIMF/IAPH 2006 227