Page 209 - International safety guide for oil tankers and terminals

SHIPBOARD OPERATIONS

11.1.11 Loading Heated Products
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Unless the ship is specially designed for carrying very hot cargoes, such
as a bitumen carrier, cargo heated to a high temperature can damage a
tanker’s structure, the cargo tank coatings, and equipment such as
valves, pumps and gaskets.
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Some classification societies have rules regarding the maximum
temperature at which cargo may be loaded and Masters should consult
the ship operator whenever the cargo to be loaded has a temperature in
excess of 60ºC.

The following precautions may help to alleviate the effects of loading a
hot cargo:
Spreading the cargo throughout the ship as evenly as possible to
dissipate excess heat and to avoid local heat stress.
Adjusting the loading rate in an attempt to achieve a more reasonable
temperature.

Taking great care to ensure that tanks and pipelines are completely
free of water before receiving any cargo that has a temperature above
the boiling point of water.

11.1.12 Loading Over the Top (sometimes known as
‘Loading Overall’) ึ

Volatile petroleum, or non-volatile petroleum having a temperature
higher than its flashpoint minus 10ºC, should never be loaded over the
top into a non-gas free tank.

There may be specific port or terminal regulations relating to loading over
the top.

Non-volatile petroleum having a temperature lower than its flashpoint
minus 10ºC may be loaded over the top in the following circumstances:
If the tank concerned is gas free, provided no contamination by volatile
petroleum can occur.

If prior agreement is reached between the Master and the Terminal
Representative.

The free end of the hose should be lashed inside the tank coaming to
prevent movement.

Ballast or slops must not be loaded or transferred over the top into a tank
that contains a flammable gas mixture.

11.1.13 Loading at Terminals Having Vapour Emission Control
(VEC) Systems

11.1.13.1 General
The fundamental concept of a vapour emission control system is
relatively simple. When tankers are loading at a terminal, the
vapours are collected as they are displaced by the incoming cargo
or ballast and are transferred ashore by pipeline for treatment or
disposal. However, the operational and safety implications are

© ICS/OCIMF/IAPH 2006 175