Page 198 - International safety guide for oil tankers and terminals

INTERNATIONAL SAFETY GUIDE FOR OIL TANKERS AND TERMINALS

11.1.6.13 Periodic Checks During Loading
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Throughout loading, the ship should monitor and regularly check
all full and empty tanks to confirm that cargo is only entering the
designated cargo tanks and that there is no escape of cargo into
pumprooms or cofferdams, or through sea and over board
งานห้องสมุด ศูนย์ฝกพาณิชย์นาวี
discharge valves.
The ship should check tank ullages at least hourly and calculate a
loading rate. Cargo figures and rates should be compared with
shore figures to identify any discrepancy.

On ships where stress considerations may be critical, hourly
checks should include, where possible, the observation and
recording of the shear forces, bending moments, draught and trim
and any other relevant stability requirements particular to the ship.
This information should be checked against the required loading
plan to confirm that all safe limits are adhered to and that the
loading sequence can be followed, or amended, as necessary.
Any discrepancies should be reported immediately to the
Responsible Officer.

Any unexplained drop in pressures, or any marked discrepancy
between tanker and terminal estimates of quantities transferred,
could indicate pipeline or hose leaks, particularly in submarine
ึ
pipelines, and require that cargo operations be stopped until
investigations have been made.

The ship should carry out frequent inspections of the cargo deck
and pumproom to check for any leaks. Overside areas should
likewise be checked regularly. During darkness, where safe and
practical, the water around the vessel should be illuminated.

11.1.6.14 Fluctuation of Loading Rate

The loading rate should not be substantially changed without
informing the ship.

11.1.6.15 Cessation of Pumping by the Terminal
Many terminals require a standby period for stopping pumps and
this should be understood and noted as discussed under item 24
of the guidelines for completing the Ship/Shore Safety Check-List
before loading commences (see Section 26.4).

11.1.6.16 Topping-Off on board the Tanker

The ship should advise the terminal when tanks are to be
topped-off and request the terminal, in adequate time, to reduce
the loading rate sufficiently to permit effective control of the flow
on board the ship. After topping-off individual tanks, master valves
should be closed, where possible, to provide two-valve
segregation of loaded tanks. The ullages of topped-off tanks
should be checked from time to time to ensure that overflows do
not occur as a result of leaking valves or incorrect operations.

The number of valves to be closed during the topping-off period
should be reduced to a minimum.

The tanker should not close all its valves against the flow of oil.

164 © ICS/OCIMF/IAPH 2006