Page 196 - International safety guide for oil tankers and terminals

INTERNATIONAL SAFETY GUIDE FOR OIL TANKERS AND TERMINALS

There is a risk of overfilling a cargo tank when loading under
normal closed conditions. Due to the reliance placed on closed
capable of closed loading.าเท่านั้น---
gauging systems, it is important that they are fully operational and
that backup is provided in the form of an independent overfill
alarm arrangement. The alarm should provide audible and visual
งานห้องสมุด ศูนย์ฝกพาณิชย์นาวี
indication and should be set at a level that will enable operations
to be shut down prior to the tank being overfilled. Under normal
operations, the cargo tank should not be filled higher than the
level at which the overfill alarm is set.

Individual overfill alarms should be tested at the tank to ensure
their proper operation prior to commencing loading, unless the
system is provided with an electronic self-testing capability which
monitors the condition of the alarm circuitry and sensor and
confirms the instrument set point.

On vessels without inert gas systems, this equipment should
comply with the precautions highlighted in Section 11.8.2.
---ใช้เพื่อการศึกษ
Vessels operating with inert gas are considered always to be

11.1.6.7 Commencement of Loading Alongside a
Terminal
ึ
When all necessary terminal and tanker valves in the loading
system are open, and the ship has signified its readiness, loading
can commence. The initial flow should be at a slow rate.
Whenever possible, this should be by gravity and to a single tank,
with the shore pumps not being started until the system has been
checked and the ship advises that cargo is being received in the
correct tank(s). When the pumps have been started, the
ship/shore connections should be checked for tightness until the
agreed flow rate or pressure has been reached.

11.1.6.8 Commencement of Loading at Offshore Buoy
Berths

Before commencing to load at a buoy berth offshore, the ship
should confirm its full understanding of the communications
system that will be used to control the operation. A secondary
communications system should be provided and be ready to be
brought into immediate action in the event of failure of the primary
system.

After an initial slow loading rate to test the system, the flow rate
may be brought up to the agreed maximum. A close watch should
be kept on the sea in the vicinity of the seabed manifold so that
leaks may be detected. During darkness, where safe and
practical, a bright light should be shone on the water in the vicinity
of the hoses.

11.1.6.9 Commencement of Loading Through a
Stern Line
Before commencing loading through a stern line, the dangerous
area extending not less than 3 metres from the manifold valve
should be clearly marked and no unauthorised personnel should
be allowed within this area during the entire loading operation.

162 © ICS/OCIMF/IAPH 2006