Page 193 - International safety guide for oil tankers and terminals

Chapter 11
---ใช้เพื่อการศึกษาเท่านั้น---
SHIPBOARD

The Chapter also includes information on the safe handling of particular cargoes,์นาวี
OPERATIONS

This Chapter provides information on the full range of shipboard operations,
งานห้องสมุด ศูนย์ฝกพาณิชย
including loading and discharging of cargo, hose clearing, tank cleaning and gas
freeing, ballasting, ship-to-ship transfers and mooring.

such as static accumulator oils, those having a high vapour pressure and those
containing hydrogen sulphide.

Other operations that are addressed include the use of vapour emission control
systems and crude oil washing.

11.1 Cargo Operations
ึ
11.1.1 General

All cargo operations should be carefully planned and documented well in
advance of their execution. The details of the plans should be discussed
with all personnel, both on the ship and at the terminal. Plans may need
to be modified following consultation with the terminal and following
changing circumstances, either on board or ashore. Any changes should
be formally recorded and brought to the attention of all personnel involved
with the operation. Chapter 22 contains details of cargo plans and
communications regarding them.

11.1.2 Setting of Lines and Valves
Before commencement of any loading or discharging operation, the ship’s
cargo pipelines and valves should be set as per the required loading or
discharging plan by a Responsible Officer and checked, independently, by
other personnel.

11.1.3 Valve Operation

To avoid pressure surges, valves at the downstream end of a pipeline
system should not be closed against the flow of liquid, except in an
emergency. This should be stressed to all personnel responsible for cargo
handling operations, both on the ship and at the terminal. (See
Section 11.1.4 below.)

In general, where pumps are used for cargo transfer, all valves in the
transfer system (both ship and shore) should be open before pumping
begins, although the discharge valve of a centrifugal pump may be kept
closed until the pump is up to speed and the valve then opened slowly. In
the case of ships loading by gravity, the final valve to be opened should
be that at the shore tank end of the system.

© ICS/OCIMF/IAPH 2006 159