Page 175 - International safety guide for oil tankers and terminals

Chapter 10
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ENCLOSED SPACES

งานห้องสมุด ศูนย์ฝกพาณิชย์นาวี

This Chapter describes the hazards associated with entry into enclosed spaces
and the tests to be carried out to determine whether or not an enclosed space
has been made safe for entry. The conditions for entry are set out, as well as the
precautions to be taken before entry and while work is being carried out in an
enclosed space.

Masters should be aware that terminal requirements for enclosed space entry
might differ from this guidance as a result of national legislation.

10.1 Definition and General Caution

For the purpose of this Guide, an ‘Enclosed Space’ is defined as a space that has
the following characteristics:
Limited openings for entry and exit.
ึ
Unfavourable natural ventilation.
Not designed for continuous worker occupancy.
Enclosed spaces include, but are not limited to: cargo tanks, double bottoms, fuel
tanks, ballast tanks, pumprooms, cofferdams, void spaces, duct keels, inter-barrier
spaces, engine crankcases and sewage tanks.

Although pumprooms come within the above definition of an enclosed space, they
have their own particular equipment, characteristics and risks which require special
precautions and procedures. These are explained in Section 10.10.

Many of the casualties that have occurred in enclosed spaces on ships have
resulted from people entering an enclosed space without proper supervision
or adherence to agreed procedures. In almost every case, the casualty would
have been avoided if the simple guidance in this Chapter had been followed.

The rapid rescue of personnel who have collapsed in an enclosed space
presents particular risk. It is a human reaction to go to the aid of a colleague
in difficulties, but far too many additional and unnecessary casualties have
occurred from impulsive and ill-prepared rescue attempts.

10.2 Hazards of Enclosed Spaces

10.2.1 Assessment of Risk
In order to ensure safety, a risk assessment should be carried out as
described in Section 9.2.1. Gas tests carried out prior to entry into the
space should reflect the contaminants that can reasonably be expected to
be present within the space, taking into account the previous cargo
carried, ventilation of the space, structure of the tank, coatings in the
space and any other relevant factors.

© ICS/OCIMF/IAPH 2006 141