Page 117 - International safety guide for oil tankers and terminals

FIRE-FIGHTING

Some of the foams produced from concentrates are compatible with dry
chemical powder and are suitable for combined use. The degree of
---ใช้เพื่อการศึกษาเท่านั้น---
compatibility between the various foams, and between the different foams
and dry chemical agents, varies and should be established by suitable
tests.
apparatus.ุด ศูนย์ฝกพาณิชย์นาวี
The compatibility of foam compounds is a factor to be borne in mind
when considering joint operations with other fire-fighters.

Foam concentrates may deteriorate with time depending on the storage
conditions. Storage at high temperatures and in contact with air will cause
sludge and sediment to form. This may affect the extinguishing ability of
the expanded foam. Samples of the foam concentrate should therefore be
returned periodically to the manufacturer for testing and evaluation.

5.3.2.2 Carbon Dioxide
Carbon dioxide is an effective smothering agent for extinguishing fires in
enclosed spaces where it will not be widely diffused and where personnel
can be evacuated quickly (e.g. machinery spaces, pumprooms and
electrical switchboard rooms). Carbon dioxide is comparatively ineffective
on an open deck or jetty area.

Carbon dioxide will not damage delicate machinery or instruments and,
being a non-conductor, can be used safely on or around electrical
equipment even when it is energised. ึ

Due to the possibility of static electricity generation, carbon dioxide
should not be injected into any space containing an un-ignited flammable
atmosphere.

Carbon dioxide is asphyxiating and cannot be detected by sight or smell.
All personnel should therefore evacuate the area before carbon dioxide is
discharged. No one should then enter confined or partially confined
spaces where carbon dioxide has been discharged unless supervised and
งานห้องสม
protected by suitable breathing apparatus and a lifeline. Canister type
respirators should not be used. Any compartment that has been flooded
with carbon dioxide must be fully ventilated before entry without breathing

5.3.2.3 Steam

Steam is inefficient as a total smothering agent because of the
substantial delay that may occur before sufficient air is displaced from an
enclosure to render the atmosphere incapable of supporting combustion.
Steam should not be injected into any space containing an un-ignited
flammable atmosphere due to the possibility of static electricity
generation. However, steam can be effective for fighting flange or similar
fires when discharged from a lance type nozzle directly at a flange or joint
leak, or a vent or similar fire.

5.3.2.4 Sand
Sand is relatively ineffective as an extinguishing agent and is only useful
for small fires on hard surfaces. Its primary use is to dry up small spills.

© ICS/OCIMF/IAPH 2006 83